Economics is a "science" that studies and formalizes human behavior and its emergent properties. I say "science" because science without the quotation marks is rigorously experimental, unpoliticized and capable of making halfway decent predictions about the world, which would exclude the "science" of economics on all counts. Oh well, at least it's not sociology.
Linguistics is a field of study for understanding and processing the formal systems of human language. It is an electric topic, contingent to psychology, history, computer science and anthropology, but is still known as a universally bad career choice.
In the mandatory footsteps of logical positivism, I must tout science as the be-all end-all source of knowledge in the world, which even if it were true would be shaken by the fact that its analytical tools are in the hands of a tribal species who can hardly convince itself that an objective world exists out there. The long-term goal of science is to turn the human race in to a pack of artless autists, purged of any of the "irrationalities" that actually make the human experience unique.. or human.
Technology is the joint product of modern science and modern capitalism and is the only thing keeping us from realizing how culturally and socially muddled and degenerate we have become in the material wealth and wellbeing that it has afforded us.
Culture is the set of peculiar and irrational practices that any given group of people practice. For the Sambia tribe of Africa, culture may be fellatio of an older tribesman as a rite of passage for boys, while here, culture is neurotically listening to "local" bands and mutilating male genitals upon birth. Culture was formerly known as the "pursuit of the best of what is thought and said in the world," but now we're to the point where we have to flagellate ourselves in penance for daring to think that any cultural trait could be "better" than any other.
Now there's nothing I could say here about religion that hasn't already been said too many times in YouTube comments, but loosely, religion is the set of cultural beliefs that are most recalcitrant and immune to diffusion. Religion widely entails anthropic consciousnesses governing the universe and afterlifes where everyone's supposed to get what's comin' for them.
The word "politics" describes the social interchanges that are the direct heirs of the simian alpha-male contest. Along with sports and religion, politics is a special place where anyone can come and feel free to abandon reason and orgiastically give into all of their most primal and otherwise derisible tendencies and irrationalities. Here I pretend not to like to write about it.